Who Is Responsible For Cleanup Under CERCLA Essay Example For Students

Who Is Responsible For Cleanup Under CERCLA? Essay Who Is Responsible For Cleanup Under CERCLA?What is CERCLA? The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, andLiability Act ( CERCLA )1)The purpose of CERCLA is to make owners and operators of hazardous wastedump sites and contaminated areas, as well as their customers, responsible forcleanup costs and property damage. 2)CERCLA is also referred to as THESUPERFUND.It is authorized to a level of 8.5 billion dollars. The funding forCERCLA comes 87% from taxes on the chemical industry and 13% from generalrevenues of the federal government. Who is responsible? After a hazardous waste site is identified, CERCLA places ultimate cleanupresponsibility on those who used the site.Parties responsible for a waste dumpare liable for the cost of waste removal and other remedial action. If potentially responsible parties can be identified, then they can beheld liable for either cleanup costs incurred, or for replenishment of theSuperfund. We will write a custom essay on Who Is Responsible For Cleanup Under CERCLA? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Who is a Potentially Responsible Party?1.)Owners and operators of waste sites. i)CERCLA actions against dissolved corporations are permissibleii)If one is the owner or operator, liability may attach even if some otherparty in the past placed hazardous wastes there. ( The seller of a foundry wasfound liable under CERCLA when it was sold for $25,000, but was appraised at$200,000, suggesting the decision to sell was for disposal of hazardousmaterials.)A vendor is not an owner if it did not own the property at the timeof toxic discharge from the facility. iii)A parent company may be considered the owner, despite the formation of asubsidiary with day to day control over operations. iv)Lenders and secured creditors are liable if they actively participate indecisions involving either waste treatment, or site development. They are notliable if they do not participate in management decisions. (silent partners andbanks)v)An owner, employer,or waste generator may be liable for the harmfulconsequences of disposal practices undertaken by third parties in a contractualrelationship with it.( If I hire Fly-By-Night Disposal Corp. to dispose of mywaste and they do so by dumping it in the river, then I may be liable.)2.)Persons who accepted hazardous substances for transport or disposal. 3.)Persons who arranged with a transporter for transportation of wastes. 4.)Any person who arranged for disposal or treatment of hazardous substances. 5.)Transporters of hazardous waste can be liable only where they have selectedthe site for delivery of the hazardous waste. What is a Potentially Responsible Party liable for?1)PRPs are liable for releases or threatened releases which cause theincurrence of Response Costs.A response cost entails all costs of removal andremedial action, any other necessary costs consistent with the NationalContingency Plan, and the costs of any health assessment of effects study. 2)PRPs may also be held liable for damages to or loss of natural resources.

Free Essays on The Decline

Introduction NOFX starts out their song, â€Å"The Decline†, with a good, well-thought out, intelligent question: Where are all the stupid people from? Only to be followed by: How did they get to be so dumb? Upon first sight of this song, one might jump to the conclusion that NOFX isn’t an intelligent musical group. But it is NOFX’s pure disgust and hate for our government that makes them a fun and an interesting listen. â€Å"The Decline† is just what the title implies, the song chronicles events and actions of our government which lead to cause and effect relationships, these effects eventually lead to a â€Å"decline† of Western Civilization. This brilliant eighteen-minute masterpiece is unlike any song ever performed or recorded. Its sheer length along with its brutally honest and sarcastic tone leaves you listening for the full eighteen minutes. Not to mention NOFX’s highly diverse and complicated collection of guitar chords that keep the listener enthralled in its intense criticism of our government and the mess they created. NOFX pronounced â€Å"No Effects† is the first punk rock band that I ever had the privilege to listen to. I first received one of their CD’s, after requesting it on my Christmas gift list in 1996. The album entitled â€Å" White Trash T... Free Essays on The Decline Free Essays on The Decline Introduction NOFX starts out their song, â€Å"The Decline†, with a good, well-thought out, intelligent question: Where are all the stupid people from? Only to be followed by: How did they get to be so dumb? Upon first sight of this song, one might jump to the conclusion that NOFX isn’t an intelligent musical group. But it is NOFX’s pure disgust and hate for our government that makes them a fun and an interesting listen. â€Å"The Decline† is just what the title implies, the song chronicles events and actions of our government which lead to cause and effect relationships, these effects eventually lead to a â€Å"decline† of Western Civilization. This brilliant eighteen-minute masterpiece is unlike any song ever performed or recorded. Its sheer length along with its brutally honest and sarcastic tone leaves you listening for the full eighteen minutes. Not to mention NOFX’s highly diverse and complicated collection of guitar chords that keep the listener enthralled in its intense criticism of our government and the mess they created. NOFX pronounced â€Å"No Effects† is the first punk rock band that I ever had the privilege to listen to. I first received one of their CD’s, after requesting it on my Christmas gift list in 1996. The album entitled â€Å" White Trash T...

The Difference Between Coordinate and Noncoordinate Adjectives

The Difference Between Coordinate and Noncoordinate Adjectives The Difference Between Coordinate and Noncoordinate Adjectives The Difference Between Coordinate and Noncoordinate Adjectives By Mark Nichol Writers are often confused about whether to punctuate a phrase that includes two or more adjectives. To determine whether a comma is required between any two adjectives, test whether they are coordinate or noncoordinate. Coordinate adjectives have equal status: They both modify a noun or noun phrase. By contrast, noncoordinate adjectives have different functions: The former type of adjective modifies a noun or noun phrase, and the latter modifies a phrase consisting of another adjective and a noun or a noun phrase when that other adjective is an essential description of the thing being described. The following sentences, and the discussions and revisions that follow, illustrate this point. 1. For decades, companies have assigned repetitive, manual tasks to robots. Repetitive describes a type of manual tasks- it does not have equal status with manual in modifying tasks- so the adjectives are noncoordinate and no comma should follow the word: â€Å"For decades, companies have assigned repetitive manual tasks to robots.† 2. The 218-acre, oceanfront estate is for sale. The phrasal adjective â€Å"218-acre† modifies â€Å"oceanfront estate,† not just estate, so the adjectives are noncoordinate and no commas are required: â€Å"The 218-acre oceanfront estate is for sale.† 3. A holistic forward-looking, risk-focused, continuous-monitoring approach is often difficult. Forward-looking and risk-focused both describe â€Å"continuous-monitoring approach,† and they’re interchangeable, so they are coordinate adjectives and should be separated from each other by a comma. However, â€Å"continuous-monitoring† is not equivalent to the other phrases; it is an essential part of the phrase they are modifying, so the final comma is incorrect: â€Å"A holistic forward-looking, risk-focused continuous-monitoring approach is often difficult.† (Also, holistic modifies everything that follows, so it is noncoordinate and therefore no comma should follow it.) 4. Recognizing how a home meets your needs, and the needs of your family, can help you contribute to the development of a happy, healthy, home environment. Home is not equivalent to happy and healthy, it is an intrinsic term describing the type of environment that can be happy and healthy. Those words, which are interchangeable, modify the phrase â€Å"home environment,† so the final comma is incorrect: â€Å"Recognizing how a home meets your needs, and the needs of your family, can help you contribute to the development of a happy, healthy home environment.† 5. The risks presented by this complex, fragmented, legacy architecture are rarely, if ever, considered. Complex and fragmented describe â€Å"legacy architecture,† so legacy is not equivalent to the first two words and should not be separated from them. Those words, however, are interchangeable and must be set off by a comma: â€Å"The risks presented by this complex, fragmented legacy architecture are rarely, if ever, considered.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:60 Synonyms for â€Å"Walk†20 Pairs of One-Word and Two-Word Forms7 Sound Techniques for Effective Writing

Yank in The Hairy Ape Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Yank in The Hairy Ape - Essay Example He does not reveal much about his roots, but it is evident that his childhood was painful. In the pauses between his parents’ incessant fighting during which furniture got broken, he was made to attend church every Sunday morning, only to be forced to run away after his mother’s death, when he could not handle any more of his father’s beatings. His troublesome beginnings have taught him that he will be forced to fend for himself in this cruel world. However, since man is a social being and thrives on the interaction with other members of the society, he needs to belong. Yank equates this highly relevant notion of belonging with power and importance. When he believes he belongs to something, he gains strength and feels almost invincible, but when he is rejected by a group, he feels terribly weak. He also associates this sense of belonging with the usefulness and functionality of an individual. For example, the firemen belong to the ship due to the fact that they a re essentially responsible for the proper functioning of the ship. Despite the fact that he believes himself to be essential for this, the fact of the matter is that industrialization has reduced the human worker into a machine.

Art History Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Art History Paper - Essay Example This is usually different across the world and during the eras of time. Many individuals often experience the confusion when they have a different choice of opinions being offered from many sources in terms of the meaning of art. These opinions conflict with each other leading to even more confusion. This paper aims at expounding the relationship between society and art, based on two magazines photos, the photo of Marilyn Monroe and sculpture from MOMA bringing out the three works of Art and interpretation of photographs, from which the particular basis of art stems in. The photographs are from a magazine, and entails of two models, which in this case are titled Superstars and Superbitch. A well dressed gentleman and a lady both with grey suits. They look professional and their pause, looks and dress codes tells a lot. However, there is a caption based from Stout Hilary’s quote that talks about the man being good at his job, and the tells the readers that they are also good at their work. He then asks why the successful women look very different from the men, and how we can break from such labels and forget about it. The relationship between society and art is simple but complex depending on the work of the artist. Artists tend to give a definition to trends of how they look at it, acting as propagandist and defining the movements. The artist also symbolizes the principles of culture or rather act as a mirror. Some artists try to bring out new trends and thoughts, which relies on what and how he or she is trying to do. For example, some of the great artists who left a legend are; Gast John who helped in showing that the perfect American and his greatest point of his age. Audobon, who was ahead of time, was an innovator and a chronicle, showed the next step to Romanticism in its view of nature (Kleiner, 2011, Pg 72). The artist who took pictures of the two photographs â€Å"superstars† and â€Å"superbitch† seems to be ahead of time

Apple Customer Based Analysis Essay Example for Free

Apple Customer Based Analysis Essay Apple’s brand name has a very highly valued name in society. As an American, it is common for people of all ages and demographics to be a customer of Apple. It is prestigious yet also almost considered the normal in today’s society to have an Apple iPhone, Apple iPad, Apple iPod, or Apple Macbook. Society values Apple as having a high quality product that consumers can rely on but this also comes at a price. Most customers of Apple are just below the baby boomer generation with users as young as toddlers. Some parents may allow their toddler’s to use applications on their Ipads for their toddlers to learn and play games. Other demographics include all different races and both males and females. Apple prides themselves with easy to user consumer friendly technological products that people of all ages can use. Normally electronic products are focused towards the males however the Apple products have a significant female customer base as well. Apple products are normally sold in high income countries due to the high cost of the products. Apple products are not necessity products by any means and therefore apple customers have discretionary income to buy luxury goods such as the products that Apple offers. However, a music and video system such as Itunes may be more affordable for some consumers that use computers, phones, and tablets from other companies yet they can still download media from the Apple Itunes company. Middle class families in the U.S. can own Apple products but it may be a luxury item that the household saves for. Apple, as a technology based company naturally attracts customers that are looking for high quality up to date products that fit in with society yet are customizable and satisfy all of their customers’ needs. Apple’s Itune’s has legal rights to protect their media through patents and other legal rights that protect their electronic products. There is a current lawsuit between Samsung and Apple in which Apple claims that â€Å"the Galaxy S4, Samsung’s flagship smartphone violates five of its patents† (Zeman 2013). Therefore, this shows that Apple takes their patent and products very seriously and will follow up with a lawsuit if any of their competitors take any of their legal rights. Apple collaborates with many different companies in order to optimize their services and products including Microsoft. An Apple employee noted that â€Å"the company will now be organized by function- marketing, legal, business development etc.—with more collaboration across divisions† regarding Microsoft (Shaer, 2013). Apple also works with companies regarding the development of applications for their Iphone and Ipad products. There are many competitors of Apple such as manufacturers of PCs, tablets, cell phones, computer monitors, TVs, and many other types of electronics. These companies may consider Apple their largest competition but the one disadvantage that Apple has over other products is their higher price for their premium products. Due to the amount of competition it is very important that Apple continues update their products and marketing in order to remain in the market. Apple products can be purchased directly through Apple through the telephone, internet, or in anyone of their own Apple retail stores that are commonly found in shopping malls. The most popular products are also found in department stores, electronic stores, and even certain Apple vending machines. Due to all of the supplier locations, Apple has made it easy and convenient for their customers to access their products, services, and assistance. Stakeholders of the company include the employees, stockholders, and customers. If there is any major change or re-organization of the company the employees will be impacted and this may potential affect the stock prices which will affect the stockholders whom are essentially the owners of the company. The Apple stock at the time this paper is being written is at $502.36 a share which is very high and this truly shows that value that shareholders have for this company. The customers are stakeholders in the company because all of the managerial decisions will trickle down to the product and price. As of January 2013, there were executive changes at Apple that created drama for people in the tech press field. â€Å"The man responsible for much of Apple’s hardware design since 1996, Jonathan Ive is now in charge of design of both software and hardware† stated Dan Moren, 2013. The late Steve Jobs was Apple’s chief executive officer that had a major influence on the startup of the company and the success of the company. This became the molding for the company’s culture today which has been influencing our pop culture for more than a decade. The company continues their innovation and delivers their premium products and assistance to their customers regardless of the organizational changes that have been taking place within the company. References: Zeman, E. (2013). Apple adds samsungs galaxy S4 to lawsuit. Informationweek Online, Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com.ezproxylocal.library.nova.edu/docview/1353775900?accountid=6579 Shaer, M. (2013, Jul 11). With one microsoft, CEO ballmer sees sweeping reorganization of microsoft ranks. The Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com.ezproxylocal.library.nova.edu/docview/1399442335?accountid=6579 Moren, D. (2013, 01). Changes at the top. Macworld, 30, 5. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com.ezproxylocal.library.nova.edu/docview/1270547861?accountid=6579

Defining Blackness in How it Feels to Be Colored Me by Zora Neale Hurston :: How it Feels to Be Colored Me

Defining "Blackness" in Terms of "Whiteness" in How it Feels to Be Colored Me  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Wald argues that any social critique must work to divest the rhetoric of the dominant discourse of its co-optive power. American rhetoric readily co-opts stories of Black selves through an incorporating language of difference that obscures the actual nature of that difference. Writers of slave narratives and, later, Black autobiographers, countered charges of racial inferiority with testimonies to their industry, ingenuity, and Christian virtues, adopting precisely those terms of the Protestant work ethic through which the culture justified its domination and thereby mitigated their differences(Andrews, 95 ). Defining "blackness" in terms of "whiteness" (reference to the concept of binary opposition in which one term negates the other) submits to the authorization of the dominant discourse and enters into the cultural subjectivity implicit in language. The altemative is equally problematic, however, since the American democratic idealism ensured that any assertion of difference that could not be incorporated into the pervasive national rhetoric was systematically excluded (Wald, 80). Perhaps because of her anthropological training and her doubly marginal status as an African-American woman, Hurston invented a strategy that enabled her to speak from the margins. She employed an African-American language, a symbolic system that reconstituted representation itself and disrupted the dualism of the dorninant discourse. "The Negroes...very words are action words... the suggestiveness of African-American art transforms the spectator into an actor who participat[es] in the performance himself carrying out the suggestions of the performer" (Hurston, 49). Blackness becomes experiential rather than essential, a "quality that permeates and suffuses rather than defines"(Wald, 87). The vitality of the language blurs oppositional boundaries and whatever the meaning of 'blackness' is, the performer and spectator are mutually involved in a relationship that undermines the representation of blackness as sin against a moral white background (Wald, 87). Hurston draws us into the dynamics of"coloration" by redesignating "color" as performance. She inverts her experience of feeling different in a white environment by setting "a white person ...down in our mist," and, again, her "color comes"(Anthology, 1985). Hurston represents the difference in the context of a jazz performance, in which the orchestra "plunges into a number ...constricts the thorax and splits the heart... grows rambunctious, rears on its hind legs and attacks the tonal veil with primitive fury, rendering it, clawing it until it breaks through to a jungle beyond"(Anthology, 1985).