Global Supply Chain Managment (A critical analysis of a retail Essay

Worldwide Supply Chain Managment (A basic investigation of a retail organizations flexibly fastens and their capacity to climate the current monetary atmosphere) - Essay Example The organization is likewise probably the biggest exporter and has its branches in different parts in different nations where it has extended its business effectively. The different items that the organization have resemble Lux, Wheel, Rin, Surf exceed expectations, Kwality Wall’s for frozen yogurt segment and so forth and a lot more brands in the class of tea, espresso, cleansers, individual consideration items, dessert. To have such a decent and wide system the organization has a decent flexibly chain the board framework. In this report the gracefully chain system of the organization and its significance in the business procedure of the organization is been seen utilizing different hypotheses and ideas of flexibly chain the executives. The compelling utilization of gracefully chain and the procedure for usage of effective flexibly chain is been examined in this paper. For such an enormous organization like Hindustan Unilever it needs to have a viable gracefully chain the board and have a decent authority over the flexibly chain arrange. The organization has a decent gracefully chain arrange and diverse for towns and distinctive for the urban communities. There are scarcely any issues identified with the gracefully chain system of the organization which can influence the organization and furthermore is influencing the organization in an enormous manner. With the developing rivalry the organization needs to have a mistake free gracefully chain arrange so it can catch the vast majority of the piece of the overall industry (James, Rowland-Jones and O’Brien, 2004, pp. 56-64). The issues that are influencing the flexibly chain system of the organization are been recorded beneath. Order’s are not getting satisfied appropriately as each retail shop is discovering lack of a few or the other specific item in their stores. This inaccessibility of thee item does influences the organization as the clients will in general purchase other brand items and HUL looses clients thusly. This additionally makes the retailer to be less keen on selling other HUL items and he/she likes

Communication strategy for Audi Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Correspondence procedure for Audi - Essay Example What is implied by this is use of the proper media and messages with the point of conveying the data to the focused on UK advertise effectively. There are essential things that might be required by clients from better places in the UK. In spite of their needs their inclinations and tastes of an item consistently change starting with one client then onto the next. The clarification for the distinction lies in geographic, culture and financial conditions. These are state in which the products are devoured. The sociological and area factors impact the consumer’s conduct and straightforwardly apply to correspondence. Audi has numerous clients in UK showcase comprehensive of very rich people, and others are matured beneath 30 years. The measurements have been brought up explicitly to show that clients in this market change. Studies done in the past have uncovered that dynamic, buying measures and channels of correspondence are distinctive with the more youthful clients than the age of the past who got riches in the post social insurgency. In spite of the fact that the at present rich clients in their 50’s make significant focuses for Audi items, an advertiser ought to be in a situation to figure future turns of events. The fundamental motivation behind this report is to build up the focused on clients, their methods of handling data, how they utilize their own and mass correspondence and their mentality to Audi items. Conversation The importance of ramifications of good methodologies in correspondence advertising techniques by Audi is fundamental. Powerful correspondence to the focused on market will develop into a basic state. The conduct of a shopper can be limited to how the clients procedure data, the way toward settling on a choice and their way of life (Kotler and Armstrong, 2004). Because of the distinction in buyers, there must be a distinction in advertising correspondence. Promoting correspondence is a procedure of the board whereby the purch asers speaks with an association. It joins individual and mass correspondence at different degrees of the procedure. Individual correspondence is correspondence in showcasing on how data is transferred to a shopper by the salesman. Notwithstanding that, it is worried about how media data is deciphered. Mass correspondence is correspondence in the market on various methods through which firms pass on data by means of broad communications coordinated towards an enormous segment of the populace. In light of Audi, the principle purpose behind this report is to help comprehend Audi’s conduct on the grounds of its buy, which characterizes an ideal procedure in showcasing correspondence. This report will be partitioned into five. These are the Audi advertise, conduct of the buyer, showcase contrasts, showcase correspondence and the discoveries which to proposal. Audi brand Horch one of the starters of Audi is additionally an author of the car business in German. This firm was arrang ed in Saxony which is town notable of innovation. In 1989, this firm’s yearly deals surpassed 100 for the principal second. In 1909, because of the mistaken assumptions between the chief and the board, Horch left this firm and in a flash began another organization. Horch being the underlying firm’s name was changed to Audi which was a Latin word having a similar significance as Horch. The advancement of Audi as a brand can't be isolated from the difficult work and tasks of Horch. From the opportunity Audi arrived into reality, Horch came to his meaningful conclusion of fascination, which is the creation of high caliber. As his firm’s appearance, innovation and execution improved Audi additionally earned a name. In 1969, the Volkswagen bunch under Audi with the help of account by the

Literary Nationalism free essay sample

An assessment of the discussion over American abstract patriotism which started in the mid nineteenth century. This article looks at the primary issues that were associated with the combative discussion over American abstract patriotism toward the start of the nineteenth century in the United States. The English pundit Sidney Smiths gnawing remark Who peruses an American book? is examined, as far as how it proceeded, and propagated, the discussion about American scholarly patriotism. Further, this exposition plots how Washington Irvings stories in The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon assisted with satisfying the requirement for a remarkable, American writing that was noted by the Englishman Sidney Smith. There were a few principle gives that terminated the hostile discussion over American scholarly patriotism toward the start of the nineteenth century, in the United States. The discussion encompassed the evident failure of American creators to deliver quality writing. Absolutely, America had gotten its political autonomy from Britain some time before the nineteenth century, yet as far as craftsmanship and writing, America had neglected to create works that were equivalent (of better) in quality to those delivered in Great Britain. We will compose a custom exposition test on Scholarly Nationalism or then again any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Surely, and in particular, the significant purpose of this discussion was that there was no obviously special style of American writing. Similarly significant was the recognition that the American writing delivered was second rate in quality to that created by British writers (Early). Strikingly, this powerlessness to create quality writing was reflected in the dull feeling of American social personality. In Adventures in American Literature: Classic Edition, James Early recommends that a solid feeling of American social personality should have been established in a noteworthy national writing.

Impact Of The Monetary Policies

Effect Of The Monetary Policies Presentation Through a writing audit, this section intends to investigate the effect of the money related approaches and guidelines on bank dangers and their activities in Zimbabwe. Segment 2.1 will give a brief diagram of Zimbabwe and Section 2.2 will examine the Zimbabwean economy. Area 2.3 will plot a foundation on the basis of money related guideline through the investigation of the Basle Accord II. In area 2.4, budgetary guideline in Zimbabwe and its impact to the economy will be analyzed. An outline of the financial framework and the sort of dangers it is presented to will be considered in area 2.5. Area 2.6 will investigate the Zimbabwean financial framework and its significant difficulties likewise connecting these to the country„â ¢s monetary guideline. In area 2.7 the creator talks about Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) which is an incorporated and all encompassing danger the board structure that associations are urged to use as a change the executives procedure for overseeing da ngers. Area 2.8 will at last sum up this part. Outline of Zimbabwe Zimbabwe (some time ago Rhodesia) is a landlocked nation in south-focal Africa. It lies between the Zambezi River which in the north and the Limpopo River in the south. Its neighboring nations are Zambia, South Africa, Mozambique and Botswana. Zimbabwes capital city, Harare, is situated in the upper east piece of the nation (Coltart 2008). Zimbabwe picked up its autonomy from Britain in 1980 after a since quite a while ago furnished battle drove by the main party, Zimbabwe African National Union Patriotic Front known as ZANU-PF, (Makumbe, 2002). It has a populace of 13,349,00 individuals with a total national output that is evaluated to have fallen by about 14% in 2008 because of financial disturbances brought about by hyperinflation and the further crumbling in the business atmosphere (World Bank 2008). The economy of Zimbabwe Chitiga (2004) fights that agribusiness assumes a focal job in the monetary presentation of Zimbabwe. The horticultural part is critical to the economy for a few reasons (Christiansen 1993).In the 1980s, it was the significant business, utilizing an aggregate of over 70% of the country„â ¢s populace. The area keeps on being a significant business right up 'til today. In Zimbabwe, dry spells keep on being a significant issue and raises worry about food security (Chitiga 2004). Anyway in spite of the regularly changing climate designs influencing the horticulture part in Zimbabwe, Coltart (2004) takes note of that farming the backbone of the economy was everything except obliterated by the politically convenient and rough land change program started by the ZANU PF government in 2000. Breakdown of Zimbabwean economy Coorey et al( 2007) contends that, while the underlying yield breakdown is generally ascribed to the riotous seizure of business cultivates in Zimbabwe which is the foundation of the economy, different components have additionally contributed as of late to the county„â ¢s breakdown which incorporate; 1) high and quickening swelling of 230 000 000% in 2008, 2) value twists because of broad controls and guideline, especially identifying with the swapping scale which is fixed by the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe (RBZ) at an exceptionally exaggerated rate, 3) the breakdown of speculator certainty because of capricious strategies and absence of regard for property rights, especially in horticulture and mining and 4) insignificant outside financing as a result of poor relations with lenders and contributors and falling apart monetary and social conditions. (Munoz 2006, Dore et al 2008, Hanke 2008) contend that the RBZ„Â ¢s polices, for example, printing of cash, semi financial exercises by the RBZ, have explicitly caused the monetary flimsiness in Zimbabwe. The accord among these creators is that the country„â ¢s government approaches close by with the national bank have assumed a significant job in causing hyperinflation which rose to 230 000 000% in 2008. Coltart (2004) features that the legislature is mostly answerable for a monetary emergency. Muponda (2008) takes note of that Zimbabwe„â ¢s expansion was driven higher by the national banks absence of autonomy from the administration. Along these lines the banks arrangements have been principally directed by the legislature. The RBZ has been compelled to be agent of first decision and truly print cash to support its the semi monetary exercises.. The difficulties looked by Zimbabwe have been contributed by different variables including, the land change program in 2000 (Coorey et al 2007), political distress in the nation which has secluded the nation from the worldwide network through approvals and withdrawal of ventures and global business network. Research by Cukierman (2001) and the IMF (1996) propose that nations concurred more noteworthy self-sufficiency to their national banks likewise experienced lower normal swelling while those economies where there is no national bank freedom have higher expansion rates. The impact of the legislature on the RBZ has brought about the bank actualizing unconventional fiscal practices, for example, printing of cash which has fuelled hyperinflation. Hanke (2008) alludes to hyperinflation as the sign of Zimbabwe„â ¢s monetary breakdown. The condition of the Zimbabwean economy has experienced, significant changes with major financial and political changes executed by government authorities to reestablish the monetary adequacy of the nation in the year 2009. There is the utilization of multi monetary forms in the nation as the economy was formally dollarized by the national bank in February 2009 bringing about the expulsion of the nearby money (RBZ 2009). Since the selection of various monetary standards, stores into the financial framework have developed to US$705.7 million by 3 June 2000 (Government of Zimbabwe 2009). As of now, the economy is on a recuperation way as reflected by full scale financial dependability, swelling decrease, upgraded limit use, bringing about improved gracefully of products and ventures just as in general developing business certainty (Biti 2009). Budgetary Regulation Powerful guideline is of central significance for the monetary exhibition of any area in the economy to address advertise disappointment (Jalilian et al 2003). The accidents and disappointment of huge corporate foundations in the budgetary part have grabbed the eye of controllers, who have adopted an increasingly rigid administrative strategy in the money related division. As of late, various budgetary emergencies have realized countless bank disappointments (Casu et al 2006, for example, Barings Bank in 1995 and Northern Rock in 2007. Moreover the financial emergencies in the mid 1980s and mid 1990s have demonstrated that banks experience issues which make a potential risk to contributors, speculators and the wellbeing of the business with upsetting ramifications for the economy overall (Caprio and Klingebiel 2003). Money related guideline centers around the variables that are fundamental to the soundness and prosperity of the budgetary division (Stewart 2001). The vulnerability of banks to virus makes fundamental hazard which is the hazard that unsettling influences in a money related organization or market will spread over the monetary framework (Heffernan 2005). It is the job of the national bank to actualize measures to shield the country„â ¢s economy from being influenced by the aftereffects of the emergencies. Stiglitz (2000) fights that the point of controllers is to limit the chance of a breakdown in the money related part and forestall any antagonistic consequences for the drawn out development rate in the economy. In certain occurrences government have needed to safeguard banks to maintain a strategic distance from the emergencies from spreading to different banks and influencing contributors too.. Limitations on bank exercises, hazard balanced least capital prerequisite, direct intercession of administrators choices are three fundamental gadgets that can be applied by controllers to control bank dangers (Fenandez and Gonza lez 2005). Least capital prerequisites Different creators (Besanko and Kanatas 1996, Calem and Rob 1999) anyway contend that guidelines, for example, least capital prerequisites are probably going to build the hazard taking conduct of banks. As indicated by Kendall (1992) higher capital prerequisites may cause less secure bank conduct eventually in time, despite the fact that it doesn't really suggest a pattern towards a less secure financial framework. Beatty and Gron (2001) demonstrate that capital administrative factors have critical impacts for low-capital banks yet not really for different banks. Studies by Barth et al. (2004) additionally demonstrate that while increasingly severe capital necessities are related with less non performing advances, capital toughness isn't vigorously connected with banking emergencies or bank improvement or productivity while controlling for other administrative and administrative arrangements. Bank Regulations Bank specialists consistently endeavor to advance bank sufficiency by forcing limitations on banks exercises (Constantin et al, 2006). In their examination, Constantin et al (2006) found that limiting bank exercises is adversely connected with bank advancement and steadiness. Barth et al. (2001) found that more prominent administrative limitations on bank exercises are related with higher likelihood of enduring a significant financial emergency, and lower banking part effectiveness. Lascelles (2005) includes that a review led by Pricewaterhouse Coopers found that exorbitant guideline was viewed as the most serious hazard confronting the money related part. Anyway as opposed to this, Fernandez and Gonzalez (2005) show that stricter limitations on bank exercises are compelling at diminishing financial hazard. It would seem in general that limitations on banking exercises shapes as a premise of guaranteeing that banks don't redirect from their center business and direct stable financial practices. Basle Accord It is a direct result of issues, for example, the monetary emergencies that the Basle Accord II underlines on the administrative job of the controller. In June 1999, the Basle Committee on Banking Supervision made its since quite a while ago foreseen declaration to present another capital a

Coping With Drug Withdrawal Diarrhea and Stomach Pain

Coping With Drug Withdrawal Diarrhea and Stomach Pain Addiction Coping and Recovery Overcoming Addiction Print Coping With Drug Withdrawal Diarrhea, Stomach Pain, and Vomiting Withdrawal Symptoms and Other Treatments By Elizabeth Hartney, BSc., MSc., MA, PhD Elizabeth Hartney, BSc, MSc, MA, PhD is a psychologist, professor, and Director of the Centre for Health Leadership and Research at Royal Roads University, Canada. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Hartney, BSc., MSc., MA, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on June 07, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on January 20, 2020 Michael Heim / EyeEm / Getty Images More in Addiction Coping and Recovery Overcoming Addiction Methods and Support Personal Stories Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use Diarrhea isnt something many people feel comfortable talking about, but the distress caused by severe diarrhea can be a major factor impacting the decision to quit drugs for many drug users. Diarrhea and stomach pain from diarrhea can be withdrawal symptoms among people who have been addicted to some drugs, particularly opiates, or even after a period of intense substance use.?? Symptoms may range from mild to severe. Tips for Easing Diarrhea and Stomach Pain From Withdrawal The following strategies can help control  diarrhea, gastrointestinal spasms, stomach pain, and vomiting: One of the main risks with diarrhea is dehydration, so sip plenty of water.??Fluid loss is not the only problem with dehydration. You also risk the loss of electrolytes, particularly if you are also vomiting a lot.?? Drinking rehydration fluid, available from drug stores, can help avoid this.Yogurt with live/active cultures contains bacteria that, in some cases, can help reduce the severity and length of time diarrhea lasts.Avoid hot drinks, acidic fruits and spicy foods, which can induce spasms leading to diarrhea and related stomach pain.Bland foods, such as white toast, white rice, and bananas may help. If you are also suffering from withdrawal nausea and vomiting, you may prefer to avoid food intake until the initial acute withdrawal phase has passed.Over-the-counter medications, such as Kaopectate, Pepto-Bismol (bismuth) or Imodium (loperamide) may help control diarrhea and slow down the bowel process.?? Causes When drugs or alcohol are used constantly, the brain has to adjust to changes in the functioning of neurotransmitters, the chemicals in the brain that affect the nervous system. When these substances are stopped, it forces the brain and body to have to change again, creating unpleasant physical and mental withdrawal symptoms. Diarrhea, stomach pain, and vomiting are often experienced by people going through withdrawal from opioids and other drugs. Although this can be a normal reaction by the body, the severity and discomfort you experience can be reduced by correct treatment. Therefore, it is a good idea to talk to your pharmacist or doctor for advice on over-the-counter medications. However, it is important to be aware that there are other causes of diarrhea and to get the correct diagnosis and treatment. For example, a range of viral and bacterial infections can cause diarrhea, and may be a result of ingesting contaminated food, water, or drugs, or by some sexual activities.?? Diarrhea can also be a side effect of some drugs. Treating Dehydration Dehydration happens when your body loses too much fluid and electrolytes through urination, sweating, vomiting, and/or diarrhea. However, drinking only water, particularly in large quantities, can be harmful and can lead to water intoxication, which can be life-threatening.?? For this reason, if you have been suffering from severe diarrhea, you should drink rehydration fluid (available from drug stores) rather than plain water to replace lost fluids. Make your own rehydration fluid inexpensively by adding 1 teaspoon of sugar and 1 teaspoon of salt to 2 quarts (2 liters) of water. Fruit juice can also help replace lost electrolytes but can exacerbate diarrhea.?? Talk to your doctor or pharmacist for advice on the right way to replace lost fluids. When to See the Doctor If your diarrhea, stomach pain, or vomiting are severe or last for a long time, you should consult a doctor as soon as possible.?? Although they can be considered nuisance withdrawal symptoms by some drug users, they can be troubling enough to derail attempts at quitting, leading to an increased risk of overdose. They can be an indication of an underlying, treatable infection, and they can lead to life-threatening dehydration. In an emergency, you can go to an emergency room where an IV drip can be used to quickly replace fluids and electrolytes. Other Treatments for Withdrawal Symptoms Withdrawal from substances can be done at home or in a healthcare setting. Quitting substance use is often easier under medical supervision because medications can be used to make the transition easier and less uncomfortable. Different treatments are available for different substances. Opiates:  Treatment may include the use of  clonidine, which helps anxiety, sweating, irritability, muscle cramping and aching and runny nose, and/or buprenorphine or methadone, both of which can decrease the amount of time it takes to detoxify and also help withdrawal symptoms. Gabapentin can help with a number of symptoms, including diarrhea.?? Antispasmodics like Bentyl may also help ease gastrointestinal symptoms.Alcohol:  If alcohol withdrawal symptoms are moderate to severe, you may need to be in a supervised clinical setting.?? Whether you seek treatment as an inpatient or outpatient, you may be given sedatives to help make the transition to complete withdrawal in a medically safe way.  Barbiturates:  Because of the potential complications from stopping barbiturate use, withdrawal should always take place under medical supervision. You may be given  phenobarbital to help make the transition.Stimulants:  Treatment for stimulant withdrawal will likely involve psychotherapy but m ay also include antidepressants or other mood-affecting medications.

The Biggest Gulf War Ever Happened - Free Essay Example

The gulf war is considered the biggest gulf war that happened because of the damaged that it cost and the countries that were involved. The Gulf War started on 2 August 1990- 28 February 1991. While the Operation Desert Shield (The battle between Iraq and Kuwait)   happened on 2 August 1990- 17 January 1991, and the Operation Desert Storm (The battle between the U.S vs. Iraq battle ) happened on,17 January 1991- 28 February 1991. The countries that got involved location wise are Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Israeli, and the Persian Gulf. The belligerents that were involved are Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, United States, United Kingdom, and France vs. Iraq. The strength is 956,600 soldiers, including 700,000 US troops vs. 650,000 soldiers. President Saddam Hussein was the president of Iraq at the time of the war. The war started with Iraq invading Kuwait. There was a couple of incidents causing the invasion of Kuwait. The first is that Iraq claims to Kuwait as Iraqi territory, but historically Kuwait had been a part of the Ottoman Empires. As a result of that incident, the UK drew the border between the two countries in 1922, making Iraq virtually landlocked. Also, Kuwait rejected Iraqi attempts to secure further provisions in the region. The second is that Iraq also accused Kuwait of exceeding its Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) quotas for oil production. The United Arab Emirates and Kuwait were consistently overproducing; the latter at least in part to repair losses caused by Iranian attacks in the Iran–Iraq War and to pay for the losses of an economic scandal, as a result, was a slump in the oil price resulting loss of $7 billion a year to Iraq. Iraq was heavily debt-ridden and tensions within society were rising. Most of its debt was owed to Saudi Arabia and Kuwait. Iraq pressured both nations to forgive the debts, but they refused. The third incident was in early July 1990, Iraq complained about Kuwaits behavior, such as not respecting their quota, and openly threatened to take military action. Background info about the military actions: Iraq had invaded Kuwait putting over the fifth of the worlds oil within his reach. Hussain refused to remove his troops from Kuwait. He also moved his troops on the borderline between Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. If Hussain would have attacked Saudi Arabia the Saudi army would not stand a chance. At that moment he wouldve had control over have of the worlds oil. One of the ways to protect Saudi Arabia was to put the US and British troops on the border, but there was a problem, Saudi Arabia was a Muslim country. The main issue for the American troops was that Sadam unleashing his chemical weapons as in for gas, Saudi Arabia was never attacked. On January 18, 1991, Iraq attacked Israel with a chemical weapons attack. He used the Arab hatred towards Israel to collapse the coalition which didnt work. The U.S army launched 2 Laser-guided bombs in Iraq. In response, Saddam Hussein blew up the oil fields of Kuwait. The US and the coalition army attacked the Iraqi troops in Kuwait. The last atta ck of the Iraqi army was that they fired a Scud missile towards the coalition and the U.S troops. The U.S and the coalition armys had their final attack and they won the war.   (Why would the coalition join the U.S army, add more details about Saudi Arabia)

The Attractiveness of Individuals and the Effect on Perception of Associated Personality Traits - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1757 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/09/13 Category Advertising Essay Did you like this example? The Attractiveness of Individuals and the Effect on Perception of Associated Personality Traits. Curtin University of Technology Abstract Dion, Berscheid and Walster (1972) hypothesized that â€Å"what is beautiful is good† and that attractive people were assumed to lead happier lives and have better prospects for the future. A survey was carried out among university students and their friends to determine whether attractiveness of facial features of an individual influences one’s perceived associated personality traits. The 425 participants completed the FPS 120 Impression Formation Project survey and data was collected and analysed. It was discovered that a strong positive correlation existed between levels of attractiveness and sociability, friendliness and trustworthiness. This research study has attempted to apply Dion et al’s study of â€Å"what is beautiful is good† to the modern era and to determine if a halo effect for personality stereotyping is still applicable. This research was conducted to ascertain whether the study by Dion, Berscheid and Walster (1972) was still valid in modern day society and whether the stigma of â€Å"what is beautiful is good† still holds true. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Attractiveness of Individuals and the Effect on Perception of Associated Personality Traits" essay for you Create order Dion et al predicted that attractive people â€Å"were assumed to have better prospects for happy social and professional lives†. Dion et al tested their hypotheses by asking men and women to examine three photographs and rate them along a number of dimensions. Half received photographs of women who varied in physical attractiveness and the remainder received pictures of men (Berkowitz, 1974) It was discovered that there was no discrimination between males and females to the participants, who still rated attractive people of both sexes to most likely possess all the personality traits that were socially desirable. It is apparent in their study that the thesis of beauty and its correlation to positive attributes is supported by a social stereotype. â€Å"Not only are physically attractive persons assumed to possess more socially desirable personalities than those of lesser attractiveness, but it is presumed that their lives will be happier and more successful† (Dion et al, 1972). In a comparable scenario, our stereotypical tendencies ollow through into other aspects in the sense that we tend to see good people do good things, bad people do bad things, good companies make good products and so forth, leading to distortions from the truth (Webb, 1999;Emslie, 1979). For example a positive rating in one area, in this case attractiveness leads to an over generalisation resulting in a more positive rating to other attributes such as desirable personality traits. This positive transfer is called the halo effect. The well established information of which the halo effect is based is weighted more heavily than new information that is provided to us and thus the halo effect operates best when the established information or attitude is strong and new information is to an extent ambiguous. â€Å"When the established attitude is not particularly strong or the new information is more strongly positive or negative, the halo effect is not as strong. † (Webb pp 98, 1999) This halo effect correlates to Dion et al’s study on attractiveness, as the physical attributes of a person is generally the first point of origin for a meeting between two individuals. Upon meeting, the halo effect allows the individual to rate the attractiveness of the other individual creating a cognitive bias as one positive trait extends to influence other qualities of that person. Although previous studies conducted focused on the investigation of attractiveness in relation to personality traits where beauty equated to positive qualities, this research paper will be examining individual traits specifically. The aim of this current study is to explore whether (1. )attractive people are rated more sociable than unattractive people (2. )whether attractive people are rated friendlier than unattractive people; and (3. as attractiveness scores get higher the honesty scores should also get higher. Method Participants The sample comprised of 425 participants which consisted of 165 easily accessible male participants (M= 23. 09 years, SD= 7. 41 years) and 260 easily accessible female participants (M= 24. 31 years, SD= 9. 92 years). Participants were chosen out of conve nience students enrolled in the Foundations of Psychological Science 120 unit at Curtin University of Technology. All participants were self-proclaimed regular users of Facebook and are aged between 18 to 48 years old. Participation in this survey was oluntary and no incentives were offered. Materials Consent forms and information sheets were given out to participants. The survey called the FPS 120 Impression Formation Project was uploaded on an online database where participants could complete it through accessing the website at home. The results from the survey were then viewed on the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, also known as SPSS. Procedure Participants were asked read to the information sheets and to sign consent forms prior to the completion of the online survey. They were asked to complete the online survey called the FPS 120 Impression Formation Project. This survey provided images of four people that are regular Facebook users. The participants were then asked to rate each person on a scale of one to six on a number of characteristics that they might attribute based on their appearance. Results were then gathered and viewed on the SPSS whereby our hypotheses were then generated. Results A paired sample t test with an ? of . 05 was used to compare the sociability of attractive (M = 4. 388, SD = . 8226) and unattractive (M = 2. 602, SD = . 8603) people as rated by the participants of the sample group (n= 425) (Table 1. 0 Table 1. 1). On average attractive participants scored 1. 7859 points (95%CI = 1. 9031 – 1. 6687) higher than unattractive participants (Table 1. 2). The difference was statistically significant, t(425) = 29. 995, p. 001 and large d = 1. 766. It was concluded that the normality and normality of difference scores were not violated after outputting and visually inspecting data. A paired sample t test with an ? of . 05 was also used to compare the friendliness of attractive (M=4. 100, SD= . 8598) and unattractive people (M=2. 885, SD=. 8767) as rated by participants of a sample groups (n=425) (Table 2. 0 Table 2. 1). On average attractive participants scores higher friendliness scores than unattractive people. The difference was statistically significant, t(425) = 21. 156, p. 001 and large d=1. 399 (Table 2. 2). It was concluded that the normality and normality of difference scores were not violated after outputting and visually inspecting data. To assess the size and direction of the linear relationship between attractiveness rating and honesty scores, a bivariate Pearson’s product-movement correlation coefficient (r) was calculated. The bivariate correlation between these two variables in the attractive group was positive and strong, r(425) = . 75, p. 001, as was the case with the unattractive group, r(425) = . 051, p. 001. Discussion The results portrayed from this study has a positive correlation to the literature. Like previous studies the results indicate that attractive people commonly scored higher with perceived possession of desirable physical traits, whereas the unattractive peo ple generally tended to score lower on the socially desirable traits. The first hypothesis, is verified by the results concluding that there was a statistically significant difference between the sociability of attractive and unattractive groups. The positive correlation of sociability and attractiveness, authenticate Dion et al’s ‘what is beautiful is good’ theory. The results also endorse the second hypothesis, that attractive people are rated friendlier than unattractive people, with a strong correlation being found and a significant difference in friendliness scores by participants. In the results collected for third hypothesis, there is once again positive correlation between honesty and attractiveness indicating that as attractiveness scores increases, perceived honesty scores also increase. The variability in the scores illustrates how an individual’s visual perception can affects their observation of another individual’s personality traits. The findings from this research confirms the original hypothesis of Dion, Berscheid and Walster (1972) of â€Å"what is beautiful is good† and validates the theory in the 21st century. With the high accessibility of information we were able to create a study that allowed for the variety of other factors to be measured and rated by the participant, such as number of ‘facebook’ friends. From this study it is apparent that even in today’s modern society, individuals are still affected by the halo effect with no restrictions from the mediums used for social interaction. People are still using this cognitive bias in making decisions or assumptions on other individual’s personality traits. Some further areas of study can be the halo effect and attractiveness preconceptions within different age groups. As the demographics of this study was conducted from young adults who frequent ‘Facebook’, an online based community with the mean age being 23. 829 years of age. It has been discovered from this sample group that older adults were less superficial and tended not to stereotype their peers into different stigmas. Although Dion et al obtained participants from a different age demographic, further study can be performed to ascertain whether the same results will be yielded (Table 3. 0, Table 3. 1, Table 3. 2 Table 3. 3). References Berkowitz, L. (1974). Advances in Experimental Social Psychology. Academic Press 1974. Dion, K. , Berscheid, E. , Walster, E. (1972). What is beautiful is good. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 24(3), 285-290. Emslie, G. R, Medcof, J. Roth J. (1979). Approaches to Psychology. Routledge, 1979. Webb, Robert C. (1999). Psychology of the consumer and its development: an introduction The Plenum series in adult development and aging, Table 1. 0 Paired Samples Statistics| | Mean| N| Std. Deviation| Std. Error Mean| Pair 1| SOCIABLE_ATTR| 4. 388| 425| . 8226| . 0399| | SOCIABLE_UNATT| 2. 602| 425| . 8603| . 0417| Table 1. 1 Paired Samples Correlations| | N| Correlation| Sig. | Pair 1| SOCIABLE_ATTR SOCIABLE_UNATT| 425| -. 066| . 173| Table 1. 2 Paired Samples Test| Paired Differences| t| df| Sig. (2-tailed)| | Mean| Std. Deviation| Std. Error Mean| 95% Confidence Interval of the Difference| | | | | | | | Lower| Upper| | | | Pair 1| SOCIABLE_ATTR SOCIABLE_UNATT| 1. 7859| 1. 2291| . 0596| 1. 6687| 1. 9031| 29. 955| 424| . 000| Table 2. 0 Paired Samples Statistics| | Mean| N| Std. Deviation| Std. Error Mean| Pair 1| FRIENDLY_ATTR| 4. 100| 425| . 8598| . 0417| | FRIENDLY_UNATT| 2. 885| 425| . 8767| . 0425| Table 2. 1 Paired Samples Correlations| | N| Correlation| Sig. | Pair 1| FRIENDLY_ATTR FRIENDLY_UNATT| 425| . 070| . 47| Table 2. 2 Paired Samples Test| | Paired Differences| t| df| Sig. (2-tailed)| | Mean| Std. Deviation| Std. Error Mean| 95% Confidence Interval of the Difference| | | | | | | | Lower| Upper| | | | Pair 1| FRIENDLY_ATTR FRIENDLY_UNATT| 1. 2149| 1. 1839| . 0574| 1. 1021| 1. 3278| 21. 156| 424| . 000| Table 3. 0 Case Processing Summary| | Cases| | Valid| Missing| Total| | N| Percent| N| Percent| N| Percent| HONEST_ATTR| 425| 100. 0%| 0| . 0%| 425| 100. 0%| ATTRACTIVENESS_ATTR| 425| 100. 0%| 0| . 0%| 425| 100. 0%| Table 3. 1 Descriptives| | Statistic| Std. Error| HONEST_ATTR| Mean| 3. 729| . 0381| | 95% Confidence Interval for Mean| Lower Bound| 3. 655| | | | Upper Bound| 3. 804| | | 5% Trimmed Mean| 3. 741| | | Median| 3. 500| | | Variance| . 615| | | Std. Deviation| . 7844| | | Minimum| 1. 5| | | Maximum| 6. 0| | | Range| 4. 5| | | Interquartile Range| 1. 5| | | Skewness| -. 172| . 118| | Kurtosis| . 063| . 236| ATTRACTIVENESS_ATTR| Mean| 5. 955| . 0794| | 95% Confidence Interval for Mean| Lower Bound| 5. 799| | | | Upper Bound| 6. 111| | | 5% Trimmed Mean| 6. 005| | | Median| 6. 000| | | Variance| 2. 682| | | Std. Deviation| 1. 376| | | Minimum| 1. 0| | | Maximum| 10. 0| | | Range| 9. 0| | | Interquartile Range| 2. 0| | | Skewness| -. 490| . 118| | Kurtosis| . 044| . 236| Table 3. 2 Case Processing Summary| | Cases| | Valid| Missing| Total| | N| Percent| N| Percent| N| Percent| HONEST_UNATT| 425| 100. 0%| 0| . 0%| 425| 100. 0%| ATTRACTIVENESS_UNATT| 425| 100. 0%| 0| . 0%| 425| 100. 0%| Table 3. 3 Descriptives| | Statistic| Std. Error| HONE ST_UNATT| Mean| 3. 242| . 0413| | 95% Confidence Interval for Mean| Lower Bound| 3. 161| | | | Upper Bound| 3. 323| | | 5% Trimmed Mean| 3. 227| | Median| 3. 000| | | Variance| . 727| | | Std. Deviation| . 8524| | | Minimum| 1. 0| | | Maximum| 6. 0| | | Range| 5. 0| | | Interquartile Range| 1. 5| | | Skewness| . 241| . 118| | Kurtosis| . 131| . 236| ATTRACTIVENESS_UNATT| Mean| 2. 569| . 0617| | 95% Confidence Interval for Mean| Lower Bound| 2. 447| | | | Upper Bound| 2. 690| | | 5% Trimmed Mean| 2. 483| | | Median| 2. 500| | | Variance| 1. 619| | | Std. Deviation| 1. 2726| | | Minimum| 1. 0| | | Maximum| 7. 5| | | Range| 6. 5| | | Interquartile Range| 2. 0| | | Skewness| . 878| . 118| | Kurtosis| . 422| . 236|